Дымчатый окрас кошек: Дымчатый окрас кошек

Дымчатые котята, кошки и коты скоттиш-фолд и страйт 🐈

Шотландская кошка, кот, котенок окраса черный дым: фото, описание, уход за шерстью

Этот окрас появился еще в 1800-х годах (задолго до появления шотландской породы), но его происхождение достоверно неизвестно.

Описание кошек окраса черный дым

Шотландские кошки и коты черный дым кажутся не столь черными, как солидовые собратья, за счет светлого подшерстка: волос темный не по всей длине, а окрашен плюс-минус наполовину. Цвет не кажется однородным, а будто имеет вкрапления или переливы.

Шотландский вислоухий или прямоухий дымчатый котенок имеет такой окрас, который может переливаться при движении, немного меняясь в зависимости от освещения. Из-за этого многие неопытные хозяева не могут определить, какого цвета их животное — то ли сплошного (если дым очень равномерный), то ли табби (если цвет неравномерный, похож на рисунчатый). На самом же деле, это шотландские котята окраса дым.

С возрастом дымный окрас, похожий на табби, может стать полноценным дымом, а может таким рисунчатым и остаться. Во втором случае мы имеем дело с недостаточно хорошей дымчатой расцветкой. Некачественно прокрашенных дымчатых короткошерстных котов иногда путают с табби, т.к. создается впечатление, будто они полосатые. Впрочем, многим людям такая расцветка очень нравится, поэтому, если вы не собираетесь водить животное на выставки, вполне можно приобрести такого котенка, чтобы наслаждаться его внешностью.

Взрослый дымчатый кот имеет остаточный рисунок

 

Отличить черный дым, каким бы хорошим или плохим он ни был, от других можно, взглянув на зеркальце носа. У дымчатого кота нос черный без обводки, в отличие от кота-табби. А чтобы отличить дым от черного солида (сплошного цвета), необходимо раздвинуть подшерсток и взглянуть на наличие двух разных цветов у дыма либо на сплошной цвет у солида.

Во взрослом возрасте, годам к двум, шотландская дымчатая кошка имеет уже сформированный окрас. Чем светлее нижняя часть воло

Популярные породы дымчатых кошек с фотографиями

Часто, когда мы слышим прилагательное «дымчатый», то ассоциируем его с дымом и серым светом. На самом же деле дымчатый – это окрас шерсти, при котором каждый волос животного имеет два или более цветов. За счет этого появляется эффект дымки, неоднородности окраса. Существует дымчатый окрас разных оттенков. На то, какой именно цвет получится в итоге, влияет набор генов, который образует тот или иной пигмент. Специалистами по разведению домашних животных уже давно составлена палитра возможной дымчатости у кошек. Теперь и мы разберемся, каких цветов бывают кошки с дымчатым окрасом.

Для начала уделим внимание дымчатому окрасу на базе темного доминантного пигмента. Его в свою очередь разделяют на два подвида: полный дымчатый и разбавленный дымчатый.

Полный дымчатый окрас. Темный.

Черная дымка

Кожа у этих кошек черная или темно-угольная. Шерсть переходит от иссиня черного к темно-серому. Глаза предпочтительно медных оттенков, либо цвета золота. Такая кошка выглядит демонически притягательно и необычно из-за своего дымчатого перелива.

Шоколадная дымка

Немного светлее предыдущий. Наполнена глубоким теплом. Глаза таких же оттенков, что и у черной дымки, но с коричневым ободком. Кожа (подушечки лам, уши) цвета красного кирпича или кофе, в зависимости от общей цветотиповой тенденции.

Дымка цвета корицы

Еще светлее. Расцветка глаз отвечает всем традициям темных сородичей, но отличается ободком цвета корицы. Кожа аналогичного названию цвета. Казалось бы, корица – это пикантно, «вкусно». Однако кошка с такой гаммой не может быть признана породистой из-за несоответствия внешних признаков ни одной «породе». Вы можете радовать этой кошечкой свой глаз, но грамот и медалей от нее не дождетесь.

Разбавленный дымчатый окрас. Темный.

Голубая дымка

Глаза классического цвета: медные или золотые. Отличаются от предшествующих голубоватой каймой. Кожные покровы так же голубого цвета. Цвет каждого отдельного волоса переходит от темно-серого к голубоватому. Яркий пример – Нибелунг.

Лиловая дымка

Цвет шерсти оригинального фиалкового цвета с мягким переливом от светлого к темному. Кошки с таким окрасом выглядят особенно нежно и романтично. Лапки, нос и ушки розового цвета с сиреневатым отливом. Глаза медные или золотый с лиловой каймой.

Олененок

Помните знаменитого Бэмби? Так вот котик с дымчатым окрасом олененка будет похож именно на него. Ненавязчивый и уютный цвет шерсти с мягким переливом. Глаза так же медные и золотые с бежевой каймой. Кожные покровы бежевые. Несмотря на всю миловидность этого кремового оттенка, он не входит в стандарты ни одной породы. Поэтому котенок с такой окраской не сможет занять призовое место ни на одной выставке. Хотя, может это и не важно?

Красный пигмент

Камео или красная дымка. Полный, без примесей окрас. Глаза классической расцветки с отчетливым ободком розового цвета. Такого же цвета подушечки лап, нос и внутренняя сторона ушек.

Кремовая дымка

Бледный цвет, который не бросается в глаза. Цвет глаз медный или золотой с розовой окантовкой. Кожные покровы нежно-розового цвета.

Дымчатые черепашки

В прошлых материалах сайта мы подробно рассказывали о том, что же такое Черепаховы окрас. Помните? Да, это любимые всеми трехцветки или «пеструшки». И они тоже бывают дымчатыми. Такое смешение эффектов делает их особенно желанными обитателями семейного очага.

Полный черепаховый окрас

 Глазки этих кошек могут быть зеленых или желтых оттенков. Шерсть темная.

Шоколадная черепаховая дымка

Глаза желтые либо зеленые. Шерсть теплых глубоких танов с возможной примесью рыжего оттенка.

Корица

Глаза зеленые или желтые. Цвет светлее предыдущих, характерно коричный. Как и все кошки с окрасом цвета корицы, эти красавицы не могут считаться породистыми.

Разбавленный черепаховый окрас

Кремово-голубая дымка

Глаза зеленые или желтые. Преобладают оттенки светло-коричневого и серого (как в шерсти, так и в кожных покровах).

Кремово-лиловая дымка

Как вы уже поняли, стандарты цветовой гаммы схожи с равномерной гаммой. Отличие в глазах – здесь они могут бить желтыми или зелеными.

Черепаховый олененок

Глаза так же желтого либо зеленого цвета. Все остальные характеристики схожи с данными однотонного олененка. Как и его однотонные собратья, черепаховый дымчатый олененок считается «нестандартным» и на выставках не займет почетного места.

Сегодня мы разобрались, в чем разница между дымчатым и серым окрасом. Более того, подробно расписали все виды представителей дымчатой расцветки. Как вы видите, дымчатые кошки могут быть не только серыми или коричневыми, но даже фиолетовыми. Эта пикантность дает им возможность оставаться любимцами многих семей нашей и других стран. И правда, прижаться к такому радужному и мягкому существу более чем приятно.

стандарт окраса. Дымная британская кошка.

 

Дымчатый окрас британских кошек — это целая группа окрасов, которая включает в себя как классических дымов, так и смешанные окрасы с дымом.

Это одна из разновидностей распределения пигмента по волоску.

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ВИДЫ ДЫМЧАТЫХ (ДЫМНЫХ) ОКРАСОВ БРИТАНЦЕВ

Дымчатые британцы бывают следующих окрасов:

• классические дымчатые ns/as/cs/bs/os/ps/ds/es;
• черепаховый дым (черепаховые дымчатые/дымные) BRI fs, gs, hs, js, qs, rs;
• колор-пойнт дым (колор-пойнт дымчатый/дымный) ns/as/cs/bs/os/ps/ds/es 33;
• биколор дым (биколор дымчатый/дымный) ns/as/cs/bs/os/ps/ds/es 03.

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ДЫМЧАТЫЕ БРИТАНЦЫ: СТАНДАРТ ОКРАСА

 

Дымчатые британские кошки должны выглядеть весьма контрастно. Интересен дымчатый окрас британских кошек тем, что часть цвета волоса подавляется, таким образом, все волоски до половины окрашены в белый цвет (и чем более белый цвет будет – тем лучше), а верхняя часть волоса – цвет основного окраса. Как правило, белого подшерстка практически не видно, когда кошка лежит или стоит неподвижно, но когда она двигается, создается изумительное впечатление волнообразного динамичного движения в окрасе.

У дымов голова, лапки и спина наиболее темные, а бока, грудь и ушки – светлее.

У дымчатых британцев не должны присутствовать табби отметины, буква «М» на лбу кошки, крап, полосы, кольца на хвосте (иногда допустимым является остаточных рисунок на красных и кремовых кошках).

Цвет глаз дымчатого британского кота могут быть трех цветов:

• оранжевый;
• темно-золотистый;
• медный.

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ФОТО ДЫМЧАТЫХ ВЗРОСЛЫХ БРИТАНСКИХ КОТОВ И КОШЕК

 

ФОТО ДЫМЧАТЫХ БРИТАНСКИХ КОТЯТ

У данного типа окраса великолепная текстура шерсти: очень плотная, густая, на ощупь чуть более жесткая, чем у большинства других окрасов.

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90000 Smoky Black 🎨 RGB Color Code: # 100C08 90001 HTMLCSSJS 90002 90003 Editor 90004 90003 Tags 90004 90003 Cheat Sheet 90004 90003 Characters 90004 90003 Generators 90004 90003 Templates 90004 90003 Blog 90004 90003 Links 90004 90019 90002 90003 Editor 90004 90003 Cheat Sheet 90004 90003 Generators 90004 90003 Blog 90004 90003 Links 90004 90019 90002 90003 Editor 90004 90003 Cheat Sheet 90004 90003 jQuery 90004 90003 Blog 90004 90003 Links 90004 90019 HTML CSS JS 90044 ≡ 90045 90002 90003 Gradient 90004 90003 Box Shadow 90004 90003 Text Shadow 90004 90003 Color 90004 90003 Font 90004 90003 Table 90004 90003 Column 90004 90003 Border 90004 90003 Border Radius 90004 90003 Transform 90004 90003 Background 90004 90019 90070 Search by name: 90071 Sort 90002 90003 Absolute Zero 90004 90003 Acid Green 90004 90003 Aero 90004 90003 Aero Blue 90004 90003 African Violet 90004 90003 Air Force Blue 90004 90003 Air Force Blue (USAF) 90004 90003 Air Superiority Blue 90004 90003 Alabama Crimson 90004 90003 Alice Blue 90004 90003 Alien Armpit 90004 90003 Alizarin Crimson 90004 90003 Alloy Orange 90004 90003 Almond 90004 90003 Amaranth 90004 90003 Amaranth Deep Purple 90004 90003 Amaranth Pink 90004 90003 Amaranth Purple 90004 90003 Amaranth Red 90004 90003 Amazon 90004 90003 Amber 90004 90003 Amber (SAE / ECE) 90004 90003 American Rose 90004 90003 Amethyst 90004 90003 Android Green 90004 90003 Anti-Flash White 90004 90003 Antique Brass 90004 90003 Antique Bronze 90004 90003 Antique Fuchsia 90004 90003 Antique Ruby 90004 90003 Antique White 90004 90003 Ao (English) 90004 90003 Apple Green 90004 90003 Apricot 90004 90003 Aqua 90004 90003 Aquamarine 90004 90003 Arctic Lime 90004 90003 Army Green 90004 90003 Arsenic 90004 90003 Artichoke 90004 90003 Arylide Yellow 90004 90003 Ash Grey 90004 90003 Asparagus 90004 90003 Atomic Tangerine 90004 90003 Auburn 90004 90003 Aureolin 90004 90003 AuroMetalSaurus 90004 90003 Avocado 90004 90003 Awesome 90004 90003 Aztec Gold 90004 90003 Azure 90004 90003 Azure (Web) 90004 90003 Azure Mist 90004 90003 Azureish White 90004 90003 Baby Blue 90004 90003 Baby Blue Eyes 90004 90003 Baby Pink 90004 90003 Baby Powder 90004 90003 Baker-Miller Pink 90004 90003 Ball Blue 90004 90003 Banana 90004 90003 Banana Mania 90004 90003 Banana Yellow 90004 90003 Bangladesh Green 90004 90003 Barbie Pink 90004 90003 Barn Red 90004 90003 Battleship Grey 90004 90003 Bazaar 90004 90003 B’dazzled Blue 90004 90003 Beau Blue 90004 90003 Beaver 90004 90003 Beige 90004 90003 Belgion 90004 90003 Big Dip O’ruby 9000 4 90003 Big Foot Feet 90004 90003 Bisque 90004 90003 Bistre 90004 90003 Bistre Brown 90004 90003 Bitter Lemon 90004 90003 90004 90019.90000 Smoky Night by Eve Bunting 90001 Smoky Night by Eve Bunting, illustrated by David Diaz is a picturebook look at the тисячі дев’ятсот дев’яносто дві Los Angeles riots from a child’s perspective. Among the difficult issues Bunting tackles are racism, rioting, loss of a home, prejudice, discrimination, and the loss of loved ones. This is a story about cats, and people, who could not get along until a smoky and fearful night brings them together. 90002 Daniel sees the rioting in the streets of his neighborhood, where people burn buildings and loot stores.By the en 90003 Smoky Night by Eve Bunting, illustrated by David Diaz is a picturebook look at the тисячі дев’ятсот дев’яносто дві Los Angeles riots from a child’s perspective. Among the difficult issues Bunting tackles are racism, rioting, loss of a home, prejudice, discrimination, and the loss of loved ones. This is a story about cats, and people, who could not get along until a smoky and fearful night brings them together. 90002 Daniel sees the rioting in the streets of his neighborhood, where people burn buildings and loot stores.By the end of the night, Daniel and his mother must flee and head to a shelter. There he, and his mother, learn to confront their own prejudices and mend some fences with Mrs. Kim, a neighboring business lady. 90003 90002 The concept of getting to know those in your community before judging them or discriminating against them is well presented. The mother’s advice to not shop at the Asian market, because they «buy from their own» is questioned toward the end of the book when Daniel points out the the cats can now be friends because «They probably did not know each other before» , but, «Now they do.»90003 90002 Gena’s explanation of why people riot is understandable to a child: 90009» It can happen when people get angry. They want to smash and destroy. They do not care anymore what’s right and what’s wrong «, says the boy’s mother. 90003 90002 The Caldecott winning illustrations by David Diaz are in a collage format combined with acrylic paintings. A wide variety of everyday objects such as matches, cereal, plastic wrap and various fabrics and metals are used his collage backgrounds. The objects used in each page are usually mentioned in the text, which appears on the page next to each oil illustration.Such images echo the chaotic mood, letting the reader seem to feel the riot. Vibrant colors add to the mood and make these illustrations impressive and evocative. 90003 90002 My only quibble is over the idea that cats would be welcome in a shelter. They would probably not be brought there in the first place, but it certainly is intricate to the plot that is happens here. 90003 90002 This book could be used in social studies units, and lends itself to social and political discussions. Hopefully it will help teach children about kindness and tolerance, but also to always question those who approach conflict with violence.The final theme of reconciliation and understanding between neighbors is one that is certainly needed in today’s fractious country and world. 90003 90002 For ages 7 and up, multi-cultural, cats, racism, rioting, loss of a home, prejudice, discrimination, tolerance, reconciliation, friendship, interpersonal relationships, peace themes, and fans of Eve Bunting and David Diaz. 90003.90000 BICOLOURS — TUXEDO AND MAGPIE CATS 90001 BICOLOURS — TUXEDO AND MAGPIE CATS 90002 BICOLOURS — TUXEDO AND MAGPIE CATS 90003 90004 90005 Copyright 2002 — 2017, Sarah Hartwell 90006 90007 Bicolour cats go by various names and come in many patterns. They range from almost solid colour cats with a white throat locket or white tail-tip, through to almost solid white cats with black smudges on the nose or between the ears. You may have heard of them as tuxedo cats (white mitts, white belly and white chin with an optional white tail-tip) or patched, pied, particoloured, harlequin or magpie cats (usually white with coloured splashes on the back and top of the head).The term covering all bicolour cats is «piebald» or «white spotted» with some variants of the pattern being called the Seychelles pattern. 90008 90009 90007 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PIEBALD 90008 90007 90008 90014 90008 90014 90008 90007 90008 90007 The diagram above shows a typical progression from solid colour through to solid white. The number by each diagram is the «Grade» of spotting from Grade 0 (no spotting) through to Grade 10 (white spotting has obscured all of the base colour).The «solid colour» can be one of the true solid colours e.g. black or grey, or a tabby colour or tortoiseshell (the bicolour is then known as a calico and is actually a tricolour). Non-pedigree cats have a diverse range of combinations not recognised in the pedigree world — the «solid» area can be Abyssinian ticked (Aby-and-white), smoke, shaded or tipped. Black-smoke-and white is an attractive combination if not actually encouraged! 90008 90007 The Van pattern seen in pedigree Turkish Van cats and in the Seychellois (a Van-patterned Oriental) is Grade 8 — Grade 9 Piebald and represents the most extreme of the ‘Seychelles’ patterns.In the Turkish Van, the colour is restricted to auburn (red) or cream patches on the head at the base of each ear; the tail is the same colour as patches, often with darker rings because red and cream are not true solid colours. Although auburn has long been the traditional colour of Turkish Van markings, other colours are being developed within different cat fancies, but in its native Turkey, the Turkish Van actually refers to an all-white cat (Van Kedi). 90008 90024 90025 90026 90014 90003 (Almost) Van Pattern (Grade 8/9 Piebald) 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 Grade 7 Piebald Littermates 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 Grade 7 Piebald 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 Grade 7 Piebald 90008 90030 90046 90047 90014 90008 90007 The Van pattern is also found in Persian Longhairs in the form of Van Bi-Colours & Harlequins.These often have additional markings on legs, and one or two small splashes of colour on the body. The Seychellois is an Oriental type cat, occurring in both longhair and shorthair forms, exhibiting varying degrees of the Van pattern: — 90008 90007 Seychellois Neuvieme is a white cat with coloured tail and head splashes 90003 Seychellois Huitieme is white with coloured tail and head splashes plus additional splashes of colour on the legs 90003 Seychellois Septieme has splashes of colour on the legs and body in addition to those on the head and the coloured tail.90008 90007 British cat fancier Pat Turner defined the different levels of white spotting as: Grade 2 — «White Trim»; Grade 3 — «Mitted»; Grade 4 — «Irish»; Grade 5 — «Saddle»; Grade 6 — «Pied»; Grade 7 — «Chinese»; Grade 8 — «Harlequin»; Grade 9 — «Van». In exhibition-quality bicolour cats, symmetrical markings were preferred. 90008 90007 The placement of the colour patches is variable and related to how the embryo develops and expresses the genes it has inherited. As a result, even more extreme colour restrictions can turn up, for example Wanda below (photos provided by Peggy Alden-Clapper) is an eyecatching variation on Grade 9 Piebald — all white apart from a black tail, but no splashes of colour on the head or body.90008 90024 90025 90026 90014 90003 Variation Grade 9 (Extreme Grade 9) 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 «Moorish-headed» Cat (Variation on Grade 9) 90008 90030 90046 90047 90007 In 1896 року, Jean Bungartz wrote in his «Illustrated Book of Cats» (in German only): The black-headed or Mohrenkopf (Moorish-headed) cat must be clean white, with contrasting colour on the head and tail. Consistent specimens of this variety are extremely rare and it can probably be regarded as one of the most peculiar colour patterns of the domestic cat.The colour of the head and tail can be either black, grey, blue or yellow with no white hairs except those regularly showing up on the head. As previously mentioned, cats with good and correct markings are highly valued. 90008 90009 90007 THE TYPICAL RANGE OF BICOLOUR PATTERNS 90008 90007 Piebald cats are extremely common and varied in appearance. The white spotting can occur with any colour / pattern and varies from minimal white through to almost all white. The smallest amount of white may be no more than a white locket and a small white belly patch, each no more than a few white hairs.Though this pattern does not have a descriptive namem the term «locket cat» has been suggested. The image at the top of this page and the description below is a typical progression through the different grades of piebald. Due to developmental effects at the embryo stage, there are further variations on this general theme! 90008 90024 90025 90026 90014 90003 Tuxedo Pattern 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 Tuxedo Pattern 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 White facial markings 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 White tail rings (unusual) 90008 90030 90046 90047 90007 90008 90007 At one end of the scale is the white locket, followed by the familiar tuxedo pattern where the belly is largely white.As the degree of white spotting increases, the white spreads up the neck and onto the chin (as shown in the three-quarter Persian above). The cheeks may be white or have white spots and there may be a white blaze (an inverted V) from the muzzle up between the eyes or a white «teardrop» on the nose (as shown in the cat above right). If the neck and chin are white, the front paws are also usually white. 90008 90007 90008 90024 90025 90026 90007 90003 Mask-and-mantle pattern 90008 90030 90026 90007 90003 Mask-and-mantle variation 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 Saddle pattern 90008 90030 90026 90014 90003 Grade 7 Piebald (with white ringed tail) 90008 90030 90046 90047 90007 90008 90007 As the degree of white spotting increases further, the white extends up the sides of the cat, up the forelegs (stockings) and onto the hind paws.The next step is all white hind legs, white fully around the neck and the white blaze may extend right between the ears. Some cats also have white ear tips. This pattern is sometimes known as «mantled» because the cat appears to be wearing a coloured cape with a hood or mask. The mask-and-mantle is a common bicolour pattern as shown above. 90008 90007 As the amount of white increases further, it simply shrinks the mantle into a saddle. The mask may also shrink back to a «cap» giving the cap-and-saddle pattern (as with the cat in the above centre photo).Further white spotting breaks the saddle up into smaller patches as shown in the black-and-white Grade 7 piebald cat. Sometimes one or more white rings encircle the tail — for some reason this ringed effect seems more common in tabbies. 90008 90007 With any degree of spotting, there may be coloured smudges on the cheeks, chin or nose. Some cats also have black toes on otherwise white paws. 90008 90007 90008 90007 Jean Bungartz described two bicolour patterns in his 1896 book «Die Hauskatze, ihre Rassen und Varietten» (Housecats, Their Races and Varieties) in «Illustriertes Katzenbuch» (An Illustrated Book of Cats).His description of the «masked cat» is the tuxedo pattern, which he describes as «sometimes the tail-tip is white also. The eyes of this variety are bright yellow with black rims. Regular and sharply defined white patches create the most beautiful Mask Cats which have many admirers. » 90008 90007 Bungartz describes a less familiar bicolour he calls the black-headed or Moor-headed cat (Mohrenkopf) which was clean white, except for the head and tail, which were black, grey, blue or yellow with no white interspersed «except those showing up regularly on the head «.Consistent specimens of this variety were extremely rare and valuable. His illustration depicts a cat with wholly black head, but it is possible he was describing the Van pattern. 90008 90007 It is possible to combine piebald with bicolour. Bicolour Siamese have been bred in Europe to a mixed reception. A few Himalayan breeders breed bicolour Himalayans, using bicolour Persians to introduce the white spotting pattern. Paul Beall, Richmond, Texas is one such breeder. Paula’s photo (below) shows a bicolour (piebald) Himalayan, but unfortunately this cat has not produced piebald-point kittens and Paula has decided not to reintroduce the gene from Persians.90008 90014 90008 90007 & nbsp: 90008 90009 90007 OTHER PIEBALD PATTERNS 90008 90007 not all cats fit neatly into the «typical patterns.» There are quite possibly several genes which influence white spotting. For example, the patterns above might not be due to a single gene — there may be several other genes which modify its effects. There are also other piebald patterns which appear to be due to different genes or to cats being homozygous for a modifier gene since the effect is relatively uniform and predictable.The cat below, with a black rear end and white fore end and white tail-tip is from the Russian Topaz breed that has blue eyes, regardless of coat colour, as a breed characteristic. One parent is black with odd eyes, the other is black with a white facial blaze and blue eyes. It is not known if the Topaz gene played a role in the the unusual distribution of white. 90008 90014 90008 90007 The gloves (mitts) on Birman and Snowshoe cats appear to be due to an incompletely dominant gene.The gloves may vary in length but they are restricted to feet and / or legs. The white markings on the forehead and chest of breeds such as the Snowshoe may also be due to a gene which limits the amount of white. Lockets — those small spots on the throat, chest, stomach and groin of otherwise solid coloured cats also seem to be due to a different gene — one which is normally hidden by the more extensive white spotting of piebald cats. There is also the phenomenon of white toes occurring on otherwise coloured cats.90008 90007 In the York Chocolate breed, there is a particular white displacement in bicoloured individuals. The placement of white maintains the same configuration in all successive generations. This has been termed «Spotting Particolour» and may be due to an allele (variant) of the White Spotting gene. According to this theory, the White Spotting gene appears to have 4 variants: non-spotted, spotted, particolor, and Birman mitted. Spotted is the dominant form and is variable expressed. Non-spotted is the recessive wild-type and produces a coat without white.The hypothetical Birman allele (or Birman mitted) is also variable, but confines the white spotting to the legs and feet. The hypothetical Particolour allele produces an inverted white «V» with the apex in the centre of the forehead and passing through the centres of the eyes plus a white chin, chest, belly, legs and feet are white. Particolour is also variable and its least expression may be a white locket or white spot on the forehead. The existence of breeds such as the York Chocolate (consistent particolour pattern) and Birman and Snowshoe (consistent mitted pattern) appear to support the existence of a white particolour gene and a white mitted gene.90008 90014 90008 90007 90008 90007 A pattern which has only rarely been reported in cats is the belt, blanket or sheet marking. This is common in pigs and cattle and in Dutch rabbits where a band of white encircles the animal’s body like a belt. 90008 90007 Another cause of white spotting is a somatic mutation i.e. some skin cells have a chance mutation which prevents them from producing pigment. This is not hereditary. 90008 90007 Leukoderma ( «white skin»), leukotrichia ( «white hair») or vitiligo, is a cosmetic condition that produces a «cobweb» or «snowflake» effect and is most easily seen on black cats.White spots appear on the coat; these become more extensive with age until the cat has a white lace pattern on the black fur. Ultimately the cat may go completely white or be left with diminishing isolated patches of colour. This condition has been seen in black leopards ( «cobweb panthers»), humans, dogs and other animals. This must not be confused with the normal sprinkling of isolated white hairs which appear in a cat’s fur during its lifetime. «Leukotrichia» is a generic term. Acommon term is «piebaldism» because it causes white patches in the skin and fur.It is an «aquired depigmentation» that occurs during the cat’s lifetime, is usually progressive and may be triggered by illness or environmental factors. Ultimately, a cat with leukoderma may become almost entirely white. Antibodies are formed against the pigment-producing melanocytes. The melanocytes are destroyed leading to the white areas. A type of leukoderma has been identified in some Persian cats and these are used as laboratory subjects in the study of depigmentation conditions. Periocular leukotrichia, causes the fur around the cat’s eyes to become pale — as though the cat is wearing spectacles.90008 90024 90025 90178 90014 90003 90005 Vitiligo in a big cat — the «cobweb panthers» that turned progressively white. 90006 90008 90030 90046 90025 90026 90014 90003 90005 Charva with feline vitiligo (Jason Reeves). 90006 90008 90030 90026 90014 90008 90030 90046 90047 90007 90008 90007 «Charva» (Jason Reeves) has vitiligo; she was a black cat with patches of slightly longer / softer black hair.In 2009 she turned 4 and developed a patch of white hair. Since then the patches of white have turned into stripes, spots, and patches. Her skin is turning pink as well due to the loss of pigmentation. 90008 90007 In 2011, Kimberly Sexton of New York City sent these photos of her cat Frankie. Kimberly’s 14 year old cat Miko (white with grey markings on his head and tail) had recently died and in his last 3 years had formed a close bond with her younger cat, Frankie, a mackerel tabby.The two cats often slept intertwined. Two years before Miko passed away, Frankie developed a white spot of fur under his neck, while his chin and nose became paler. As time passed, Frankie’s white areas spread and new ones developed around his neck and behind his shoulder blades. Kimberly joked to friends that Miko’s white colour was rubbing off on Frankie as they slept! Frankie’s white areas are likely to continue spreading, but the effect appears entirely cosmetic. 90008 90007 On coloured cats, hair regrowth around scars is often white.Lizzie Ellis (The Feline Rescue Association Inc, Maryland, USA) provided these photos of a grey male cat with white patches due to scarring. Where the skin was injured or burned, the fur has grown back white, not grey. The cat had suffered frostbite injuries. Some dark coloured cats show white hairs in their coat as they grow older — some follicles stop producing pigment, just as humans get «grey» hairs. Unlike the cobweb effect (where pigment loss occurs in patches, like snowflakes or strands of gossamer), age-related white hairs are evenly sprinkled across the body giving a salt-and-pepper effect; there may also be greying around the muzzle.It is a normal part of ageing although cats seem far less prone to getting grey hairs than do dogs. It should not be confused with the white patches found in vitiligo. 90008 90024 90025 90026 90030 90026 90030 90046 90047 90007 90008 90009 90007 SWIRLED PATTERNS AND SKUNK STRIPES 90008 90007 While the piebald pattern is generally fairly symmetrical until the white exceeds 60% of the body surface, some cats exhibit a variety of swirled patterns.This may simply be due to the way the embryo developed or it may be the interaction between different genes which affect white spotting. The two cats below are unrelated, but both have swirled black and markings and black markings on the face. Both also have black toes. Coloured toes sometimes occur on bicolours — these can be individual toes or multiple toes. It may even look as though a white-footed cat has paddled through coloured paint, in which case the colour usually extends up the back of the leg.Coloured toes may possibly be another gene (modifier) ​​interacting with the white spotting gene. 90005 Note: The cat shown top left has a mild form of radial hypoplasia which has caused her deformed forelegs; she also has a slightly deformed skull. 90006 90008 90024 90025 90026 90014 90008 90014 90003 Swirled Patterns 90008 90030 90234 90014 90003 Swirled Patterns 90008 90030 90046 90047 90007 90008 90007 More unusual is the «skunk marking» — a white dorsal stripe.Because early theories said that pigment producing cells migrated away from the neural crest, the dorsal area itself should remain coloured in low to medium grade spotting. In the case of a skunk stripe, the crack between areas of black is a straight line along the back rather than several random cracks (it’s a cat with «continents» rather than «islands»! The appearance of a white dorsal stripe is unusual and appears to be hereditary especially as it was a recognised variety of cat in old Thai manuscripts.The Tamra Maew described a number of bicolour cat patterns, one of which was the But-Se-Weis / But-Tal-Lon, a black cat with a white dorsal stripe. The descriptions were considered fanciful by many western cat fanciers, but a growing interest in Thai breeds and the ease of uploading photographs to the internet has shown that the patterns do indeed exist. It is not a recognised pattern in any Western cat breed. 90008 90014 90008 90014 90008 90014 90008 90007 In September 2015 року, Alaina Hickman, who works with a rescue group in Omaha, NE called Feline Friendz, sent me some photos of a black kitten, Gogo, that started developing parallel white stripes along her back.The stripes were becoming more pronounced as the kitten gets older. She also found a photo (screen grab shown) of a similar kitten named Jackson. The colour change may be a form of leukotrichia that starts along the back and includes the tail — it is similar to the cat depicted in the Thai manuscript — but is more likely to be «fever coat» which can develop in kittens and vanishes when the coat is moulted and the adult coat grows in. Genetically all cats are tabby (the addition of a double dose of the non-agouti gene turns the coat solid coloured) and you can see that the white has followed what would have been the dorsal stripe in a tabby cat.This is also seen on tabby kittens where the stripes along the back are greyish or reddish, giving a chipmunk appearance! 90008 90014 90008 90014 90008 90007 90008 90009 90007 WHITE EAR TUFTS 90008 90014 90008 90007 90008 90007 90002 BRINDLED BICOLOURS AND «TWEED» MUTATION 90004 90008 Pandora (owned by Bill B, Granby, MA, USA) is a brindled cat with what appears to be an unusual mutation.She has the brindled pattern normally seen on tortoiseshell cats, but the patches which should be red are white! The brindling and facial pattern is typical of tortoiseshell cats, but it seems that 15 year old Pandora has a mutation that prevents her producing red pigment. An alternative explanation is that Pandora is chimera formed when a black embryo and a white embryo fused in the womb; however chimeras tend to have a patched appearance rather than being thoroughly brindled, this makes chimerism a less likely explanation.A third possibility is that Pandora has additional X chromosomes (XXX or XXXX instead of the normal XX female), however this genetic anomaly is associated with mental retardation and physical anomalies / deformities (this is not Klinefelter syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome is 90002 90005 only 90006 90004 found in males eg XXY or XXXY). These two conditions can be identified using tissue samples, but this is not recommended in an older cat as it involves sedation or anaesthesia. It seems likely that the gene that should produce red pigment is faulty or that some other gene is masking the red pigment out.Since Pandora was spayed before Bill obtained her, it is not possible to breed her to see if it can be inherited. I have seen the opposite mutation — where a tortoiseshell cat produced red pigment, but not black, resulting in a red, cream and white brindled cat — but this is the first time I have seen a black-and-white brindle where the red is absent. 90014 90008 90007 More brindled bicolours are explained in the separate page on Roan, Tweed and «Salt and Pepper» Colours 90008 90007 90002 THE CHINESE HARLEQUIN 90004 90008 90007 During the 1980s, there were attempts to breed shorthaired cats with a black tail, black patches on the head and small black (or other solid colour) patches or spots on the body.Named Chinese Harlequin, it was supposed to resemble cats found in ancient Chinese art. Although still listed by some registries, it appears to now be extinct due to the difficulty of breeding bicolours with consistent spotted markings. A similar «strikingly spotted» cat, the Gao Taem, is seen in ancient Thai art and is described as having, black marked forepaws, black and white ears, black shoulders, two black spots on the back and black shoulders. In total there should be nine horse-like black spots on an all white background.If it existed as a breed, the mutation creating these features has been lost. This appears to be a form of Seychelles (Van) pattern. Some bicolours have black toes or paws and and some breeders have attempted to fix this trait to create a black-footed Van-type bicolour. Also depicted in Thai art (1676) is the Vichiens Mas which is shown as white with dark ears, nose, paws and whiskers. Although depicted as black and white, it seems to be a stylised or idealised depiction of the seal-point Siamese.90008 90007 90002 «BELTED» OR «SHEETED» PATTERN 90004 90008 90007 «Belted» means a solid coloured animal with a belt of white around its middle, such as is seen in Dutch Rabbits. This pattern has occasionally been seen in Spanish feral cats. «Sheeted» means a wider the band of white i.e. from shoulders to haunches. 90008 90009 GENETICS OF PIEBALD CATS 90007 When the amount of white is small (under 40%), it is called low-grade spotting and comprises the white belly patch, mitts, locket and blaze.In medium grade spotting, the amount of white varies from 40% to 60% of the coat and is the typical pattern of a show quality bicolour (a mask and mantle effect). When it is extensive (more than 60%), it is called high-grade spotting — the Seychellois or Van pattern. 90008 90007 Piebald spotting is a semi-dominant gene with very variable expression. Low grade spotted cats and some medium grade, spotted cats are heterozygotes i.e. they have only one copy of the white spotting gene. Other medium grade spotted cats and all high grade spotted cats are homozygotes i.e. they have 2 copies of the gene. Where cats are in the medium spotted range it is generally impossible to know whether they are heterozygotes or homozygotes unless they are bred to a cat known to be either homozygous or heterozygous. To further complicate matters for breeders, some apparently non-piebald cats are really piebald cats whose white bits are so minimal they might be no more than a few hairs in the groin or at the tip of the tail! 90008 90007 In January 2016, it was announced that piebald patches form when cells fail to develop in the womb.The gene for white spotting affects the embryo cells (melanoblasts) which will become pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes) which make the pigment for hair. Pigment cells move and multiply as an embryo grows and there are not enough cells to cover all the skin, so the animal gets a white belly. The findings were published in the journal Nature Communications. The pigment cells ‘fail to follow instructions’ during early development. They move and multiply randomly as an embryo grows, without complex cell-to-cell communication sending them in one direction as once thought.The University of Edinburgh’s Dr Richard Mort said that the cells move and multiply at random which is not what was expected. The University of Bath’s Dr Christian Yates said: that piebald patterns could be caused by a faulty version of a gene called kit. What the researchers found was counter-intuitive. Previously it was widely thought that the defective kit gene slowed cells down, but instead they found that it reduced the rate at which the pigment cells multiply. This did not surprise cat fanciers who had noticed that pigmented patches could fit together like a jigsaw and likened the process to plate tectonics where pigmented patches drift across the embryos skin leaving unpigmented areas inbetween the patches.Researchers at the Universities of Bath and Edinburgh said that in addition to kit, there are many other genes that can create piebald patterns, but their the mathematical model can explain piebald patterns regardless of the genes involved. 90008 90007 This was not entirely surprising to many cat fanciers with an interest in genetics or embryology! Independently of scientific researchers, and based on observation, fanciers had some ideas of their own, which have turned out to be close to the mark.90008 90007 Many cats have patches which look as though they could be fitted together like jigsaw pieces; for example a coloured spot on a leg might correspond to an inlet on a coloured patch on the flank, exactly as though a piece of coloured area has broken off and migrated elsewhere. Spots could end up almost anywhere depending on the timing of cracking, the size of the coloured domains, and the trajectories they take over the embryonic surface as it grows. Terada and Watanabe found it possible to fit all the coloured areas of cat coat together.The seams can then be projected onto the surface of a sphere (the embryo). As the sphere expands, the coloured area cracks apart. Think of a balloon covered in solidified chocolate: the balloon can expand, but the chocolate can not. The cracked solid surfaces then gave patterns just like those found on bicolour cats. The swirled patterns in particular fit this hypothesis. 90008 90007 Part of this theory was that the patterning of black and white was the result of the skin surface «cracking» during early embryo development.The skin of such bicolour cats at an early embryo stage would be basically pigmented, but the dominant W 90302 S 90303 (white spotting) gene, causes the pigmented surface to crack into domains or islands. These islands drift apart over the embryonic surface as the embryo grows, but the pigment cells do not multiply fast enough to fill the spaces between the island. That leaves white areas in the regions between the islands of pigment. It may help to think of it as similar to the movement of the earth’s continents with areas of sea inbetween.It is just as though the white areas were scar tissue produced by the cracking. There are not enough melanocytes available to fill the white areas as their surface expands. This means that the black domains can end up pushed together to form a single tuxedo style black area (albeit there may be some small white markings in this single black area). The white belly area might be a ventral (belly) seam from a ventral crack earlier on — it is suspected that the belly area expands greatly during embryo growth.Megacolon in cats and exposed gut conditions in some rabbits upholds this theory. Black feet could indicate a black domain that has been pushed to the foot extremity by the expansion of the ventral region at the same time that the limbs are being formed. 90008 90007 Where the white spotting occurs over the eyes, it may affect the eye colour. Thus a few bicolour cats have blue eyes. Another interesting effect of white spotting is in tortoiseshell cats. Tortie cats with little or no white tend to have brindled coats with intermingled black and orange hairs.However, the more white there is, the more the black and white will also be separated out into patches instead of being intermingled. This is also explained by the mechanism detailed in the 2016 report findings. The black pigmented cells that have moved across the embryo surface multiply to form black islands (clonal patches), while the red pigmented cells that moved across the surface multiply to form red patches. 90008 90007 90002 OLDER / ALTERNATIVE THEORIES FOR BICOLOUR PATTERNS 90004 90008 90007 Above: «Olga», an attractive brown bicolour owned by Sarah Richie 90008 90007 It used to be thought that when the melanoblasts arose from the «neural crest» (the area along the back of the embryo) and migrated all over the body as the skni formed.The white areas were areas that the cells did not reach, which explained why the white is most often found on the paws, belly and chest — those areas are the most remote from the neural crest and take longest to reach. The slower the migration of cells, the less colour there will be. It also explained why the back and the tail may be coloured in an otherwise all white cat — those areas are closest to the neural crest and the pigment cells did not have to migrate very far. 90008 90007 Another older theory involved either of two cellular mechanisms in white spotting that «turned off» pigment.One mechanism was apoptosis (programmed cell death) reducing the melanoblast (pigment granule) population. In other words, the colour cells migrate over the whole surface of the embryo, but then selectively die out. The other cellular mechanism involved intracellular chemical communication whereby colour cells are biochemically turned off in certain areas. Both of these suggest a chemical gradient so that cells at the extremities tend to be first affected and stop producing colour. 90008 90007 Another hypothesis for the distribution of white was originally presented in papers published by T Terada and T Watanabe in a 1930s Japanese journal.This hypothesis is now being investigated using computer simulation. There are several «unknowns» with the current hypotheses: the relative frequencies of the 10 grades of white spotting given that white spotted cats may be either W 90302 S 90303 W 90302 S 90303 or W 90302 S 90303 w 90302 s 90303; the relationship, if any, between birth order and patterning; and whether the «swirled» pattern is related to any birth defects or any difficulties during pregnancy. The melanocyte migration hypothesis may not contain the whole story, especially where swirled patterns, black feet on white socks and skunk stripes are concerned.90008 90007 Some cat breeders believed there were flaws in the conventional melanocyte migration theory. For example a breeder working with American Shorthairs has been crossing Van pattern American Shorthairs to bicolour and spotted Van pattern cats since the mid 1990s. She found that the melanocyte migration theory could not account for some of the spotted patterns these breedings produced. Alternative theories from other white spotting genes and mechanisms in other species (dogs, horse, pigs and goats) also could not account for what was appearing in her cats, particularly with 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% white on a cat .The terminology used differs from the Grades 1 — 9 of the cat fancy; 90% white with a 90002 lot 90004 of random spots is referred to as Level 15. Selective breeding has isolated most of the white on the cats to a single layer of white. She can now produce solid coloured cats from the mating of two bi-colours / pied / vanish cats. In addition, all of her best breeding cats have black feet. Breeding experiments involved mating a level 15 stud to a solid black, two Level 7 piebalds, and a Level 9 cat.A cat with a large degree of white is most probably homozygous for the white spotting gene and mating it to other white-marked cats which also carry at least one white spotting gene should not, in theory, produce solid-coloured cats. An alternative hypothesis is that the cats have the dominant white gene (the one related to deafness) and that a second gene is causing this to break down so that spotting appears. It is possible to produce coloured cats from mating two all-white cats since each parent needs only one copy of the dominant white gene to make them all white and can carry masked genes for other colours.90008 90014 90008 .90000 What Do Cats See? Color, Black and White … Something Else? 90001 0 90002 If you’re one of those feline furball owners who believe that cats are superior beings, then you’re absolutely right, at least when it comes to a cat’s senses. 90003 90002 Felines are complex (not complicated) creatures that have been blessed with admirably heightened senses. In fact, they are some of nature’s best hunters! 90003 90006 What Do Cats See? 90007 90002 People have an approximate field of view of around 180 degrees.Cats, on the other hand, have a full 200-degree range of vision. 90003 90002 Furthermore, cats see everything around them in a different depth of dimension than we do. A feline’s eyes are always facing forward, which allows for stronger depth perception than the human eye. 90003 90002 Cat eyes are extremely sensitive compared to a human’s eyes. However, unlike people, kitties do not need to blink to lubricate their sensitive eyes with tears. 90003 90006 How Can Cats See In The Dark? 90007 90002 Cats can see in the dark because they have six to eight times more rod cells in their retinas than humans do.Rod cells allow us to detect light at really low levels. So, in other words, felines are six to eight times more sensitive to light than us. 90003 90002 Not only that, but they are also among the many living creatures which have tapetum lucidum. 90003 90002 Tapetum lucidum is a special extra layer behind the kitty’s retina. This layer reflects the light passing through the retina back towards the eye. As a result, it increases the light levels in the rod cells. 90003 90002 This special extra layer is also the reason why your cat’s eyes appear to be glowing in the dark.What you’re seeing is not a glow, but an extra reflection of the already available light. 90003 90002 Apart from cats, a large variety of animals, such as dogs, birds, rodents, raccoons, and deep-sea creatures also have this extra layer. 90003 90006 Can Cats See Colors Or Only In Black And White? 90007 90002 It’s a popular but inaccurate theory that cats are completely color blind and can see the world around them only in black, white, and gray hues. 90003 90002 90031 Yes, cats can see colors.90032 90003 90002 The human eye has three types of cones for the three basic colors — red, green, and blue. Felines also have cone cells and can distinguish one color from another. 90003 90002 However, your cat’s eye does not perceive colors like our human eye. 90003 90002 Kitties have a shorter color specter than us and find it difficult to differentiate hue variations. Nevertheless, they can easily tell the differences between two extremes like red and green. 90003 90006 What Are The Easiest Colors For Cats To See? 90007 90002 The easiest colors for cats to see — that is to say, the colors they see best and most accurately — are blues and violets.90003 90002 Of course, your cat will not care about the color of your shirt or the color of its favorite toy. Color perception is not as important to your precious pet as it is to you. 90003 90002 Your cat’s degrees of vision range and depth, not the partially color-blind scenery in its surroundings, is what makes a cat’s eyesight so keen. 90003 90006 Why Is A Cat’s Pupil Slit-Like? 90007 90002 Due to being more sensitive to bright light, a feline’s eyes have vertical slit-like pupils. This feature gives a cat better control of the amount of light passing through the retina.90003 90002 The vertical pupil allows the kitty to reduce or increase the light levels perceived by the eye. This awesome ability comes in handy during nighttime hunts. 90003 90002 Also, your kitty’s slit-like pupils allow it not only to see without the aid of a pair of night-vision goggles but also to control the flow of light during the daytime so that bright lights will not blind it. 90003 90002 One final tidbit. Not all members of the cat family have slit-like pupils. Big cats such as lions and tigers have round ones like humans.90003 90002 Last Updated on 90059 March 16th, 2020 90060 90003.